ECOCIDE - After World War Two, a new crime was created on the international statute books, called Genocide. Since then there has been no World War Three, but humans, have created the Anthropocene Age, where governments and powerful corporations are destroying the planet environmentally. We are therefore keen to see the Rome Statute amended to create a crime to recognise and seek to prevent ruthless profiteering and exploitation, such that this irresponsible plundering of our natural resources might be prosecuted by the International Criminal Court. 

Tritium is some heavy shit, that should at the very least attract a hefty Radiation Tax.

Tritium is a radioactive form of hydrogen. Because it is radioactive, its release to the environment must be minimized. Most of the materials used in fusion reactors are metals that have a relatively high permeability for tritium. The fusion community has been working on barrier materials to minimize tritium release by permeation through structural materials. Unfortunately, most barrier materials work very well during laboratory experiments, but fail to meet requirements when placed in radiation environments.

This chapter presents tritium permeation characteristics of various materials used in fusion reactors, including plasma-facing, structural, and barrier materials. The parameters necessary for tritium release calculations for various regions of a fusion reactor are given.

Naturally occurring tritium is extremely rare on Earth. The atmosphere has only trace amounts, formed by the interaction of its gases with cosmic rays. It can be artificially produced by irradiating lithium metal or lithium-bearing ceramic pebbles in a nuclear reactor, and is a low-abundance byproduct in normal operations of nuclear reactors.

Tritium is used as the energy source in radioluminescent lights for watches, gun sights, numerous instruments and tools, and even novelty items such as self-illuminating key chains. It is used in a medical and scientific setting as a radioactive tracer. Tritium is also used as a nuclear fusion fuel, along with more abundant deuterium, in tokamak reactors and in hydrogen bombs.

FUKUSHIMA

In June 2016 the Tritiated Water Task Force released a report on the status of tritium in tritiated water at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, as part of considering options for final disposal of the stored contaminated cooling water. This identified that the March 2016 holding of tritium on-site was 760 TBq (equivalent to 2.1 g of tritium or 14 mL of pure tritiated water) in a total of 860,000 m3 of stored water. This report also identified the reducing concentration of tritium in the water extracted from the buildings etc. for storage, seeing a factor of ten decrease over the five years considered (2011–2016), 3.3 MBq/L to 0.3 MBq/L (after correction for the 5% annual decay of tritium).

According to a report by an expert panel considering the best approach to dealing with this issue, "Tritium could be separated theoretically, but there is no practical separation technology on an industrial scale. Accordingly, a controlled environmental release is said to be the best way to treat low-tritium-concentration water." After a public information campaign sponsored by the Japanese government, the gradual release into the sea of the tritiated water will start in 2023. The process will take "decades" to complete. China reacted with protest.

PRODUCTION HISTORY

According to a 1996 report from Institute for Energy and Environmental Research on the US Department of Energy, only 225 kg (496 lb) of tritium had been produced in the United States from 1955 to 1996.[a] Since it continually decays into helium-3, the total amount remaining was about 75 kg (165 lb) at the time of the report.

Tritium for American nuclear weapons was produced in special heavy water reactors at the Savannah River Site until their closures in 1988. With the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) after the end of the Cold War, the existing supplies were sufficient for the new, smaller number of nuclear weapons for some time.

The production of tritium was resumed with irradiation of rods containing lithium (replacing the usual control rods containing boron, cadmium, or hafnium), at the reactors of the commercial Watts Bar Nuclear Plant from 2003 to 2005 followed by extraction of tritium from the rods at the new Tritium Extraction Facility at the Savannah River Site beginning in November 2006. Tritium leakage from the rods during reactor operations limits the number that can be used in any reactor without exceeding the maximum allowed tritium levels in the coolant.

Nuclear power generation is dangerous. We are not just talking about accidents, like core melt-down and radioactive coolant leaks. We are talking about the fact that spent fuel is stored in caverns, in the sea and boreholes, without any possible long-term management plan. Simply because no corporation will survive for hundreds of thousands of years, and no bond or other financial deposit scheme could be large enough and long lasting enough to cope with any eventual pollution disaster. And what can happen will happen. That is Murphy's Law.

Chernobyl

Deuterium

Fukushima

Germany: cost of nuclear energy

Hinkley Point C

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Sizewell C

Rosatom & EDF - Greenwashing pink hydrogen, Emmanuel Macron

Tritium

Plutonium

Proliferation

Uranium

DOWNRIGHT DANGEROUS - Boris Johnson's government has no real clean energy policy. His comedy cabinet of clowns is countenancing, new oil fields and coal mines, and licking the back-sides of nuclear energy companies. All of which has caused an energy crisis in the United Kingdom. When what he should have done was push for wind and solar renewables like there was no tomorrow. He could have done that with policies and statute, but he was too lazy, keeping in the back of his mind that many of his paying supporters were in the oil and gas businesses and property developers.

Such conflicts of interest are hardly conducive the blazing a zero emission trail, because he would be biting the hand that feeds him.

Johnson's successor could make nuclear power untenable with a Radiation Tax. He could give wind and solar companies massive tax holidays, and force councils to implement an infrastructure for EVs, that pave the way to a sustainable hydrogen economy, while catering for battery electrics. Such policies would attract overseas investors, and restore confidence in the United Kingdom, where at the moment the country is weak and vulnerable to a virtual takeover with China and France investing in utilities, which should more properly be controlled by British (or at the very least European) investors who are themselves not in the pockets of Asian or Russian concerns, with world domination agendas.

We believe that every nation should be protected by international bullies, and their geographical borders and trade routes respected. We are also hopeful that one day there will be an international currency based on agriculture and the food production capability of planet earth, free of artificial fertilizers. That should be the new gold standard, where at the moment we are in free-fall with no limitations on the printing of money, that has no substance to back it up. Without some kind of natural brake on lending, all currencies are crypto.

BOJO'S EPITAPH 

When Boris Johnson advised Queen Elizabeth that proroguing parliament was legal, it was not true. How far along the line of being a deliberate lie that may have been is unclear. But Bojo has a chequered career when it comes to telling it straight. He was though instrumental in making Her Majesty party to an unlawful action.

Somehow, despite many scandals of a sexual nature, Boris has managed to cling onto Clowning Street, the debt centre of town - with a toxic economy for pensioners, whose savings are rapidly reducing in value. In the media, it is said, presumably allegedly, that he has fathered many children outside of wedlock, earning him the name Shagatha Christie. Many people have asked how many children does Bojo have?

Normally, that would call into question his morals. But because he was elected to deal with Brexshit, everybody turned a blind eye. Even the Queen, though she was lied to over proroguing parliament.

But he could be forgiven if he knew what he was doing. Unfortunately, almost everything he touches turns to crap. He is the exact opposite of Midas and Austin Power's Goldmember. He is Shitfinger.

IS IT SAFE? - In our view, nuclear power in any form, can never be safe. Under international law, nuclear proliferation is illegal. In view of the ultimate danger storing radioactive waste presents to future generations, we consider that any administration that encourages, endorses or otherwise employs atomic fission for any purpose, should be considered an Eco Nazi - and liable to the full force the law - to include confiscation of assets - to help pay for cleaning up the mess they have created for mankind.

And surely, he's heard that it is illegal to proliferate nuclear weapons, yet he has done a deal with Australia and the USA. Perhaps that should be referred to the International Criminal Court?

BRITAIN GOT ANOTHER BUM DEAL - In electing a clown as Prime Minister, UK voters made one of the biggest mistakes in British history. Brexit was and is a disaster, costing pensioners an absolute fortune, as real world inflation halved the value of their savings, with timber, copper and other commodities doubling in price. Then there is the energy crises and nuclear power, with food prices rising. We feel sure that Dr Hannibal Lecter would like to have his old friend for dinner. It might be that some Conservative Party members might also want to join in the feast.

ARE THESE THE DIRTIEST DOZEN - WORLD'S WORST - TOP HR VIOLATORS ?

Conservative politics is based on delaying economic shortcomings by robbing Peter to pay Paul. Another prime example of short term politics with long term cost and pollution implications, is nuclear power and radioactive waste that can never be safe.

Despite that, the UK has let Electricity of France (EDF) into the frame, with promises to pay almost double the rate for a megawatt of energy, than it costs to generate the same with solar and wind power. Why on earth did Boris make such a decision, without consulting the general public, and informing them as to the facts?

DOWNRIGHT DANGEROUS - We pay our taxes but get no value for all our hard earned pounds. Don't forget that our income is taxed along with just about everything we buy. Even buying a house is subject to stamp duty and dying also costs money with death duties. Shit! How are they getting away with bleeding the electorate dry like this? Fuel is taxed, drinks are taxed (that's okay by us), and using roads is taxed. Then there is car tax of course. We heard they are thinking of taxing sex, based on the length of your Johnson.

LINKS & REFERENCE

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